Dark GRBs
This webpage is intended to update the dark burst diagram first presented in ApJ Letter. The diagram serves as a simple and quick diagnostic tool for identifying dark GRBs based on limited information, particularly useful for early and objective identification of dark GRBs observed with the Swift satellite. The diagram (shown below) displays the optical flux vs. X-ray flux for a total of 135 bursts, i.e. bursts which have a reported X-ray afterglow (and a reported X-ray flux). The magnitudes have been corrected for Galactic extinction. Filled symbols indicate optical detections, while open symbols are upper limits. Lines of constant βOX are shown with the corresponding value. Dark bursts are defined as those that have βOX < 0.5, i.e. that are optically subluminous with respect to the fireball model.
Many thanks to Alex Kann for frequent update reminders and data collecting. However, I will not update this page anymore. The final version of this figure was published in a Fynbo et al. paper.
| GRB | Satellite (X-ray) | βOX | Optical detection? | Reference |
| 060323 | Swift | 0.67 | Detection | Vetere et al. (GCN#4910); Covino et al. (GCN#4911) |
| 060319 | Swift | < 0.43 | Upper limit | Beardmore et al. (GCN#4895); D'Avanzo et al. (GCN#4890) |
| 060312 | Swift | < 0.76 | Upper limit | Grupe et al. (GCN#4862); Schaefer et al. (GCN#4860) |
| 060306 | Swift | < 0.30 | Upper limit | Page et al. (GCN#4850); Price et al. (GCN#4854) |
| 060223B | Swift | < 1.32 | Upper limit | Perri et al. (GCN#4835); Andreev et al. (GCN#4844) |
| 060219 | Swift | < 0.41 | Upper limit | Moretti et al. (GCN#4797); Rol et al. (GCN#4855) |
| 060211B | Swift | < 0.83 | Upper limit | Page et al. (GCN#4745); Salyamov et al. (GCN#4744) |
| 060211A | Swift | < 1.04 | Upper limit | Hurkett et al. (GCN#4740); Sharapov et al. (GCN#4927) |
| 060210 | Swift | 0.13 | Detection | Beardmore et al. (GCN#4733); Stanek et al. (astro-ph/0602495) |
| 060206 | Swift | 0.60 | Detection | Morris et al. (GCN#4764); Stanek et al. (astro-ph/0602495) |
| 060204B | Swift | 0.69 | Detection | Falcone et al. (GCN#4669); Guidorzi et al. (GCN#4661) |
| 060203 | Swift | 0.61 | Detection | Morris et al. (GCN#4651); Malesani et al. (GCN#4645) |
| 060202 | Swift | < -0.43 | Upper limit | Morris et al. (GCN#4632); Monfardini et al. (GCN#4630) |
| 060124 | Swift | 0.64 | Detection | Kann et al. (in prep) |
| 060121 | Swift | 0.27 | Detection | Mangano et al. (GCN#4565); Fynbo et al. (GCN#4555) |
| 060116 | Swift | < 0.47 | Upper limit (in R) | Campana et al. (GCN#4529); D'Avanzo et al. (GCN#4532) |
| 060115 | Swift | 0.70 | Detection | Perri et al. (GCN#4514); Yanagisawa et al. (GCN#4517) |
| 060111B | Swift | 0.62 | Detection | Perri et al. (GCN#4498); Yanagisawa et al. (GCN#4496) |
| 060111A | Swift | 0.82 | Detection | Goad et al. (GCN#4481); Khamitov et al. (GCN#4494) |
| 060110 | Swift | 0.99 | Detection | Page et al. (GCN#4525); Swan et al. (GCN#4491) |
| 060109 | Swift | < 0.85 | Upper limit | Page et al. (GCN#4466); Blustin et al. (GCN#4461) |
| 060108 | Swift | 0.19 | Detection | Page et al. (GCN#4453); Monfardini et al. (GCN#4502) |
| 060105 | Swift | < 0.62 | Upper limit | Godet et al. (GCN#4433); Izumiura et al. (GCN#4430) |
| 051227 | Swift | 0.52 | Detection | Beardmore et al. (GCN#4402); Berger (GCN#4410) |
| 051221A | Swift | 0.96 | Detection | Capalbi et al. (GCN#4374); Soderberg et al. (astro-ph/0601455) |
| 051117B | Swift | < 0.73 | Upper limit | Beardmore et al. (GCN#4304); Chen et al. (GCN#4285) |
| 051111 | Swift | 1.23 | Detection | La Parola et al. (GCN#4261); Nanni et al. (GCN#4298) |
| 051109B | Swift | < 0.56 | Upper limit | Tagliaferri et al. (GCN#4232); Huang et al. (GCN#4231) |
| 051109A | Swift | 0.83 | Detection | Campana et al. (GCN#4229); Pavlenko et al. (GCN#4273) |
| 051028 | Swift | 0.67 | Detection | Page et al. (GCN#4205); Castro-Tirado et al. (submitted) |
| 051022 | Swift | < -0.11 | Upper limit | Butler et al. (GCN#4165); Cenko et al. (GCN#4134) |
| 051021A | Swift | 0.69 | Detection | Racusin et al. (GCN#4125); Rumyantsev et al. (GCN#4159) |
| 051016B | Swift | 0.63 | Detection | Godet et al. (GCN#4108); Sharapov et al. (GCN#4185) |
| 051016A | Swift | < 0.77 | Upper limit | Beardmore et al. (GCN#4100); Berger et al. (GCN#4098) |
| 051008 | Swift | -0.20 | Detection | Perri et al. (GCN#4080); Rumyantsev et al. (GCN#4087) |
| 051001 | Swift | < 0.43 | Upper limit | Moretti et al. (GCN#4056); Tristram et al. (GCN#4055) |
| 050922C | Swift | 0.87 | Detection | Kennea et al. (GCN#4022); Jakobsson et al. (in prep) |
| 050922B | Swift | < 0.76 | Upper limit | Godet et al. (GCN#4031); Guziy et al. (GCN#4025) |
| 050916 | Swift | < 1.80 | Upper limit | Morris et al. (GCN#3996); Brown et al. (GCN#4004) |
| 050915A | Swift | < 0.31 | Upper limit (in R) | Grupe et al. (GCN#3983); Cenko et al. (GCN#3981) |
| 050908 | Swift | 1.09 | Detection | Goad et al. (GCN#3952); Sharapov et al. (GCN#4049) |
| 050904 | Swift | < 0.43 | Upper limit (in R) | Watson et al. (ApJ, 637, L69); Haislip et al. (astro-ph/0509660) |
| 050827 | Swift | < 0.61 | Upper limit | Capalbi et al. (GCN#3899); Halpern (GCN#3900) |
| 050826 | Swift | 1.27 | Detection | Mangano et al. (GCN#3889); Halpern (GCN#3891) |
| 050824 | Swift | 0.95 | Detection | Campana et al. (GCN#3872); J. Fynbo (private comm.) |
| 050822 | Swift | < 0.35 | Upper limit | Godet et al. (GCN#3873); Page et al. (GCN#3859) |
| 050820A | Swift | 0.72 | Detection | Page et al. (GCN#3837); MacLeod et al. (GCN#3863) |
| 050819 | Swift | < 0.66 | Upper limit | Page et al. (GCN#3832); Bikmaev et al. (GCN#3831) |
| 050814 | Swift | 0.36 | Detection | Morris et al. (GCN#3805); Jensen et al. (GCN#3809) |
| 050803 | Swift | < 0.50 | Upper limit | Racusin et al. (GCN#3752); Brown et al. (GCN#3759) |
| 050802 | Swift | 0.40 | Detection | Capalbi et al. (GCN#3740); McGowan et al. (GCN#3745) |
| 050801 | Swift | 0.87 | Detection | Perri et al. (GCN#3731); Blustin et al. (GCN#3733) |
| 050730 | Swift | 0.77 | Detection | Perri et al. (GCN#3722); Klotz et al. (GCN#3720) |
| 050726 | Swift | 0.50 | Detection | Moretti et al. (GCN#3683); Poole et al. (GCN#3698) |
| 050724 | Swift | 1.03 | Detection | Romano et al. (GCN#3669); Berger et al. (Nature, 438, 988) |
| 050721 | Swift | 0.91 | Detection | Romano et al. (GCN#3659); D'Avanzo et al. (GCN#3658) |
| 050717 | Swift | < 0.28 | Upper limit | Hurkett et al. (GCN#3636); Blustin et al. (GCN#3638) |
| 050713B | Swift | < 0.21 | Upper limit | Page et al. (GCN#3602); Lin et al. (GCN#3593) |
| 050713A | Swift | 0.17 | Detection | Morris et al. (GCN#3606); Wren et al. (GCN#3604) |
| 050712 | Swift | 0.90 | Detection | Grupe et al. (GCN#3579); Zeh et al. (GCN#3646) |
| 050709 | Chandra | 1.10 | Detection | Fox et al. (GCN#3585); Hjorth et al. (Nature, 437, 859) |
| 050607 | Swift | 0.31 | Detection | D. Watson (private comm.); E. Rol (private comm.) |
| 050603 | Swift | 1.07 | Detection | Berger & McWilliam (GCN#3511); Grupe et al. (GCN#3519) |
| 050525A | Swift | 0.85 | Detection | Blustin et al. (ApJ, 637, 901); Aslan et al. (GCN#3493) |
| 050520 | Swift | < 1.13 | Upper limit | Perri et al. (GCN#3443); Allen et al. (GCN#3439) |
| 050509C | Chandra | 0.92 | Detection | Fox et al. (GCN#3442); Gorosabel et al. (GCN#3425) |
| 050509B | Swift | < 1.11 | Upper limit | Gehrels et al. (Nature, 437, 851) |
| 040827 | XMM | 0.92 | Detection | De Luca et al. (astro-ph/0505261); Bloom et al. (astro-ph/0505480) |
| 050421 | Swift | < 1.36 | Upper limit | Berger et al. (ApJ, 634, 501); Blustin et al. (GCN#3307) |
| 050416A | Swift | 0.59 | Detection | Berger et al. (ApJ, 634, 501) |
| 050412 | Swift | < 0.05 | Upper limit | Mangano et al. (GCN#3253): Kosugi et al. (GCN#3263) |
